isnet Internet/Isnet Internet CD.iso/prog/hiz/09/09.exe/adynware.exe/perl/lib/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm

Text File | 1999-12-28 | 50.2 KB | 1,716 lines

BEGIN {require 5.002;} # MakeMaker 5.17 was the last MakeMaker that was compatible with perl5.001m

package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;

$Version = $VERSION = "5.42";
$Version_OK = "5.17";    # Makefiles older than $Version_OK will die
($Revision = substr(q$Revision: 1.216 $, 10)) =~ s/\s+$//;



require Exporter;
use Config;
use Carp ();

use vars qw(

        @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $AUTOLOAD
        $ISA_TTY $Is_Mac $Is_OS2 $Is_VMS $Revision $Setup_done
        $VERSION $Verbose $Version_OK %Config %Keep_after_flush
        %MM_Sections %Prepend_dot_dot %Recognized_Att_Keys
        @Get_from_Config @MM_Sections @Overridable @Parent

       );


@ISA = qw(Exporter);
@EXPORT = qw(&WriteMakefile &writeMakefile $Verbose &prompt);
@EXPORT_OK = qw($VERSION &Version_check &neatvalue &mkbootstrap &mksymlists
        $Version);

@MM::ISA = qw[ExtUtils::MM_Unix ExtUtils::Liblist ExtUtils::MakeMaker];

{
    package MY;
    @MY::ISA = qw(MM);
    package MM;
    sub DESTROY {}
}

package ExtUtils::Liblist;

package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
$Is_VMS   = $^O eq 'VMS';
$Is_OS2   = $^O eq 'os2';
$Is_Mac   = $^O eq 'MacOS';
$Is_Win32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32';

require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;

if ($Is_VMS) {
    require ExtUtils::MM_VMS;
    require VMS::Filespec; # is a noop as long as we require it within MM_VMS
}
if ($Is_OS2) {
    require ExtUtils::MM_OS2;
}
if ($Is_Mac) {
    require ExtUtils::MM_Mac;
}
if ($Is_Win32) {
    require ExtUtils::MM_Win32;
}


sub AUTOLOAD {
    my $code;
    if (defined fileno(DATA)) {
    my $fh = select DATA;
    my $o = $/;            # For future reads from the file.
    $/ = "\n__END__\n";
    $code = <DATA>;
    $/ = $o;
    select $fh;
    close DATA;
    eval $code;
    if ($@) {
        $@ =~ s/ at .*\n//;
        Carp::croak $@;
    }
    } else {
    warn "AUTOLOAD called unexpectedly for $AUTOLOAD";
    }
    defined(&$AUTOLOAD) or die "Myloader inconsistency error";
    goto &$AUTOLOAD;
}


sub Version_check {
    my($checkversion) = @_;
    die "Your Makefile was built with ExtUtils::MakeMaker v $checkversion.
Current Version is $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::VERSION. There have been considerable
changes in the meantime.
Please rerun 'perl Makefile.PL' to regenerate the Makefile.\n"
    if $checkversion < $Version_OK;
    printf STDOUT "%s %s %s %s.\n", "Makefile built with ExtUtils::MakeMaker v",
    $checkversion, "Current Version is", $VERSION
    unless $checkversion == $VERSION;
}

sub warnhandler {
    $_[0] =~ /^Use of uninitialized value/ && return;
    $_[0] =~ /used only once/ && return;
    $_[0] =~ /^Subroutine\s+[\w:]+\s+redefined/ && return;
    warn @_;
}

sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::eval_in_subdirs ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::eval_in_x ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::full_setup ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::writeMakefile ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::new ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::check_manifest ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::parse_args ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::check_hints ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::mv_all_methods ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::skipcheck ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::flush ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::mkbootstrap ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::mksymlists ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::neatvalue ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::selfdocument ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::WriteMakefile ;
sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::prompt ($;$) ;

1;

__DATA__

package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;

sub WriteMakefile {
    Carp::croak "WriteMakefile: Need even number of args" if @_ % 2;
    local $SIG{__WARN__} = \&warnhandler;

    unless ($Setup_done++){
    full_setup();
    undef &ExtUtils::MakeMaker::full_setup; #safe memory
    }
    my %att = @_;
    MM->new(\%att)->flush;
}

sub prompt ($;$) {
    my($mess,$def)=@_;
    $ISA_TTY = -t STDIN && -t STDOUT ;
    Carp::confess("prompt function called without an argument") unless defined $mess;
    my $dispdef = defined $def ? "[$def] " : " ";
    $def = defined $def ? $def : "";
    my $ans;
    if ($ISA_TTY) {
    local $|=1;
    print "$mess $dispdef";
    chomp($ans = <STDIN>);
    }
    return $ans || $def;
}

sub eval_in_subdirs {
    my($self) = @_;
    my($dir);
    use Cwd 'cwd';
    my $pwd = cwd();

    foreach $dir (@{$self->{DIR}}){
    my($abs) = $self->catdir($pwd,$dir);
    $self->eval_in_x($abs);
    }
    chdir $pwd;
}

sub eval_in_x {
    my($self,$dir) = @_;
    package main;
    chdir $dir or Carp::carp("Couldn't change to directory $dir: $!");
    local *FH;
    open(FH,"Makefile.PL") or Carp::carp("Couldn't open Makefile.PL in $dir");
    my $eval = join "", <FH>;
    close FH;
    eval $eval;
    if ($@) {
    warn "WARNING from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
    }
}

sub full_setup {
    $Verbose ||= 0;
    $^W=1;

    $PACKNAME = "PACK000";

    @Attrib_help = qw/

    C CCFLAGS CONFIG CONFIGURE DEFINE DIR DISTNAME DL_FUNCS DL_VARS
    EXE_FILES EXCLUDE_EXT INCLUDE_EXT NO_VC FIRST_MAKEFILE FULLPERL H
    INC INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALLBIN INSTALLDIRS INSTALLMAN1DIR
    INSTALLMAN3DIR INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALLSCRIPT INSTALLSITEARCH
    INSTALLSITELIB INST_ARCHLIB INST_BIN INST_EXE INST_LIB
    INST_MAN1DIR INST_MAN3DIR INST_SCRIPT LDFROM LIBPERL_A LIB LIBS
    LINKTYPE MAKEAPERL MAKEFILE MAN1PODS MAN3PODS MAP_TARGET MYEXTLIB
    NAME NEEDS_LINKING NOECHO NORECURS OBJECT OPTIMIZE PERL PERLMAINCC
    PERL_ARCHLIB PERL_LIB PERL_SRC PL_FILES PM PMLIBDIRS PREFIX
    PREREQ_PM SKIP TYPEMAPS VERSION VERSION_FROM XS XSOPT XSPROTOARG
    XS_VERSION clean depend dist dynamic_lib linkext macro realclean
    tool_autosplit

    IMPORTS

    installpm
    /;






    @MM_Sections =
    qw(

 post_initialize const_config constants tool_autosplit tool_xsubpp
 tools_other dist macro depend cflags const_loadlibs const_cccmd
 post_constants

 pasthru

 c_o xs_c xs_o top_targets linkext dlsyms dynamic dynamic_bs
 dynamic_lib static static_lib manifypods processPL installbin subdirs
 clean realclean dist_basics dist_core dist_dir dist_test dist_ci
 install force perldepend makefile staticmake test

      ); # loses section ordering

    @Overridable = @MM_Sections;
    push @Overridable, qw[

 dir_target libscan makeaperl needs_linking subdir_x test_via_harness
 test_via_script

             ];

    push @MM_Sections, qw[

 pm_to_blib selfdocument

             ];

    push @MM_Sections, "postamble";
    push @Overridable, "postamble";

    @Recognized_Att_Keys{@MM_Sections} = (1) x @MM_Sections;

    @Get_from_Config =
    qw(
       ar cc cccdlflags ccdlflags dlext dlsrc ld lddlflags ldflags libc
       lib_ext obj_ext ranlib sitelibexp sitearchexp so exe_ext
      );

    my $item;
    foreach $item (@Attrib_help){
    $Recognized_Att_Keys{$item} = 1;
    }
    foreach $item (@Get_from_Config) {
    $Recognized_Att_Keys{uc $item} = $Config{$item};
    print "Attribute '\U$item\E' => '$Config{$item}'\n"
        if ($Verbose >= 2);
    }

    %Prepend_dot_dot =
    qw(

       INST_BIN 1 INST_EXE 1 INST_LIB 1 INST_ARCHLIB 1 INST_SCRIPT
       1 MAP_TARGET 1 INST_MAN1DIR 1 INST_MAN3DIR 1 PERL_SRC 1
       PERL 1 FULLPERL 1

      );

    my @keep = qw/
    NEEDS_LINKING HAS_LINK_CODE
    /;
    @Keep_after_flush{@keep} = (1) x @keep;
}

sub writeMakefile {
    die <<END;

The extension you are trying to build apparently is rather old and
most probably outdated. We detect that from the fact, that a
subroutine "writeMakefile" is called, and this subroutine is not
supported anymore since about October 1994.

Please contact the author or look into CPAN (details about CPAN can be
found in the FAQ and at http:/www.perl.com) for a more recent version
of the extension. If you're really desperate, you can try to change
the subroutine name from writeMakefile to WriteMakefile and rerun
'perl Makefile.PL', but you're most probably left alone, when you do
so.

The MakeMaker team

END
}

sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::new {
    my($class,$self) = @_;
    my($key);

    print STDOUT "MakeMaker (v$VERSION)\n" if $Verbose;
    if (-f "MANIFEST" && ! -f "Makefile"){
    check_manifest();
    }

    $self = {} unless (defined $self);

    check_hints($self);

    my(%initial_att) = %$self; # record initial attributes

    my($prereq);
    foreach $prereq (sort keys %{$self->{PREREQ_PM}}) {
    my $eval = "use $prereq $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq}";
    eval $eval;
    if ($@){
        warn "Warning: prerequisite $prereq $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} not found";
    } else {
        delete $self->{PREREQ_PM}{$prereq};
    }
    }

    if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
    if (ref $self->{CONFIGURE} eq 'CODE') {
        $self = { %$self, %{&{$self->{CONFIGURE}}}};
    } else {
        Carp::croak "Attribute 'CONFIGURE' to WriteMakefile() not a code reference\n";
    }
    }

    if ( Carp::longmess("") =~ /runsubdirpl/s ){
    Carp::carp("WARNING: Please rerun 'perl Makefile.PL' to regenerate your Makefiles\n");
    }

    my $newclass = ++$PACKNAME;
    {
    print "Blessing Object into class [$newclass]\n" if $Verbose>=2;
    mv_all_methods("MY",$newclass);
    bless $self, $newclass;
    push @Parent, $self;
    @{"$newclass\:\:ISA"} = 'MM';
    }

    if (defined $Parent[-2]){
    $self->{PARENT} = $Parent[-2];
    my $key;
    for $key (keys %Prepend_dot_dot) {
        next unless defined $self->{PARENT}{$key};
        $self->{$key} = $self->{PARENT}{$key};
        $self->{$key} = $self->catdir("..",$self->{$key})
        unless $self->file_name_is_absolute($self->{$key})
        || ($^O eq 'VMS' and ($key =~ /PERL$/ && $self->{$key} =~ /^[\w\-\$]+$/));
    }
    $self->{PARENT}->{CHILDREN}->{$newclass} = $self if $self->{PARENT};
    } else {
    parse_args($self,@ARGV);
    }

    $self->{NAME} ||= $self->guess_name;

    ($self->{NAME_SYM} = $self->{NAME}) =~ s/\W+/_/g;

    $self->init_main();

    if (! $self->{PERL_SRC} ) {
    my($pthinks) = $self->canonpath($INC{'Config.pm'});
    my($cthinks) = $self->catfile($Config{'archlibexp'},'Config.pm');
    $pthinks = VMS::Filespec::vmsify($pthinks) if $Is_VMS;
    if ($pthinks ne $cthinks &&
        !($Is_Win32 and lc($pthinks) eq lc($cthinks))) {
            print "Have $pthinks expected $cthinks\n";
        if ($Is_Win32) {
        $pthinks =~ s![/\\]Config\.pm$!!i; $pthinks =~ s!.*[/\\]!!;
        }
        else {
        $pthinks =~ s!/Config\.pm$!!; $pthinks =~ s!.*/!!;
        }
        print STDOUT <<END;
Your perl and your Config.pm seem to have different ideas about the architecture
they are running on.
Perl thinks: [$pthinks]
Config says: [$Config{archname}]
This may or may not cause problems. Please check your installation of perl if you
have problems building this extension.
END
    }
    }

    $self->init_dirscan();
    $self->init_others();

    push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
END

    foreach $key (sort keys %initial_att){
    my($v) = neatvalue($initial_att{$key});
    $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
    $v =~ tr/\n/ /s;
    push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "#    $key => $v";
    }

    my (%skip,$skip);
    for $skip (@{$self->{SKIP} || []}) {
    $self->{SKIPHASH}{$skip} = 1;
    }
    delete $self->{SKIP}; # free memory

    if ($self->{PARENT}) {
    for (qw/install dist dist_basics dist_core dist_dir dist_test dist_ci/) {
        $self->{SKIPHASH}{$_} = 1;
    }
    }

    unless ($self->{NORECURS}) {
    $self->eval_in_subdirs if @{$self->{DIR}};
    }

    my $section;
    foreach $section ( @MM_Sections ){
    print "Processing Makefile '$section' section\n" if ($Verbose >= 2);
    my($skipit) = $self->skipcheck($section);
    if ($skipit){
        push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section $skipit.";
    } else {
        my(%a) = %{$self->{$section} || {}};
        push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section:";
        push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# " . join ", ", %a if $Verbose && %a;
        push @{$self->{RESULT}}, $self->nicetext($self->$section( %a ));
    }
    }

    push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# End.";
    pop @Parent;

    $self;
}

sub check_manifest {
    print STDOUT "Checking if your kit is complete...\n";
    require ExtUtils::Manifest;
    $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet=$ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet=1; #avoid warning
    my(@missed)=ExtUtils::Manifest::manicheck();
    if (@missed){
    print STDOUT "Warning: the following files are missing in your kit:\n";
    print "\t", join "\n\t", @missed;
    print STDOUT "\n";
    print STDOUT "Please inform the author.\n";
    } else {
    print STDOUT "Looks good\n";
    }
}

sub parse_args{
    my($self, @args) = @_;
    foreach (@args){
    unless (m/(.*?)=(.*)/){
        help(),exit 1 if m/^help$/;
        ++$Verbose if m/^verb/;
        next;
    }
    my($name, $value) = ($1, $2);
    if ($value =~ m/^~(\w+)?/){ # tilde with optional username
        $value =~ s [^~(\w*)]
        [$1 ?
         ((getpwnam($1))[7] || "~$1") :
         (getpwuid($>))[7]
         ]ex;
    }
    $self->{uc($name)} = $value;
    }

    if (defined $self->{potential_libs}){
    my($msg)="'potential_libs' => '$self->{potential_libs}' should be";
    if ($self->{potential_libs}){
        print STDOUT "$msg changed to:\n\t'LIBS' => ['$self->{potential_libs}']\n";
    } else {
        print STDOUT "$msg deleted.\n";
    }
    $self->{LIBS} = [$self->{potential_libs}];
    delete $self->{potential_libs};
    }
    if (defined $self->{ARMAYBE}){
    my($armaybe) = $self->{ARMAYBE};
    print STDOUT "ARMAYBE => '$armaybe' should be changed to:\n",
            "\t'dynamic_lib' => {ARMAYBE => '$armaybe'}\n";
    my(%dl) = %{$self->{dynamic_lib} || {}};
    $self->{dynamic_lib} = { %dl, ARMAYBE => $armaybe};
    delete $self->{ARMAYBE};
    }
    if (defined $self->{LDTARGET}){
    print STDOUT "LDTARGET should be changed to LDFROM\n";
    $self->{LDFROM} = $self->{LDTARGET};
    delete $self->{LDTARGET};
    }
    if (defined $self->{DIR} && ref \$self->{DIR} eq 'SCALAR') {
    $self->{DIR} = [grep $_, split ":", $self->{DIR}];
    }
    if (defined $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{INCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
    $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{INCLUDE_EXT}];
    }
    if (defined $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
    $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT}];
    }
    my $mmkey;
    foreach $mmkey (sort keys %$self){
    print STDOUT "    $mmkey => ", neatvalue($self->{$mmkey}), "\n" if $Verbose;
    print STDOUT "'$mmkey' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name.\n"
        unless exists $Recognized_Att_Keys{$mmkey};
    }
    $| = 1 if $Verbose;
}

sub check_hints {
    my($self) = @_;

    return unless -d "hints";

    my(@goodhints);
    my($hint)="${^O}_$Config{osvers}";
    $hint =~ s/\./_/g;
    $hint =~ s/_$//;
    return unless $hint;

    while (1) {
    last if -f "hints/$hint.pl";      # found
    } continue {
    last unless $hint =~ s/_[^_]*$//; # nothing to cut off
    }
    return unless -f "hints/$hint.pl";    # really there

    local *FH;
    open(FH,"hints/$hint.pl");
    @goodhints = <FH>;
    close FH;
    print STDOUT "Processing hints file hints/$hint.pl\n";
    eval join('',@goodhints);
    print STDOUT $@ if $@;
}

sub mv_all_methods {
    my($from,$to) = @_;
    my($method);
    my($symtab) = \%{"${from}::"};


    foreach $method (@Overridable) {



    next unless defined &{"${from}::$method"};

    *{"${to}::$method"} = \&{"${from}::$method"};




    eval "package MY; sub $method { shift->SUPER::$method(\@_); }";
    }



}

sub skipcheck {
    my($self) = shift;
    my($section) = @_;
    if ($section eq 'dynamic') {
    print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
    "in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
            if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
        print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
    "in skipped section 'dynamic_lib'\n"
            if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_lib} && $Verbose;
    }
    if ($section eq 'dynamic_lib') {
        print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target '\$(INST_DYNAMIC)' depends on ",
    "targets in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
            if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
    }
    if ($section eq 'static') {
        print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'static' depends on targets ",
    "in skipped section 'static_lib'\n"
            if $self->{SKIPHASH}{static_lib} && $Verbose;
    }
    return 'skipped' if $self->{SKIPHASH}{$section};
    return '';
}

sub flush {
    my $self = shift;
    my($chunk);
    local *FH;
    print STDOUT "Writing $self->{MAKEFILE} for $self->{NAME}\n";

    unlink($self->{MAKEFILE}, "MakeMaker.tmp", $Is_VMS ? 'Descrip.MMS' : '');
    open(FH,">MakeMaker.tmp") or die "Unable to open MakeMaker.tmp: $!";

    for $chunk (@{$self->{RESULT}}) {
    print FH "$chunk\n";
    }

    close FH;
    my($finalname) = $self->{MAKEFILE};
    rename("MakeMaker.tmp", $finalname);
    chmod 0644, $finalname unless $Is_VMS;

    if ($self->{PARENT}) {
    foreach (keys %$self) { # safe memory
        delete $self->{$_} unless $Keep_after_flush{$_};
    }
    }

    system("$Config::Config{eunicefix} $finalname") unless $Config::Config{eunicefix} eq ":";
}

sub mkbootstrap {
    die <<END;
!!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
!!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker.   !!!
!!! Please rebuild your Makefile                       !!!
END
}

sub mksymlists {
    die <<END;
!!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
!!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker.   !!!
!!! Please rebuild your Makefile                       !!!
END
}

sub neatvalue {
    my($v) = @_;
    return "undef" unless defined $v;
    my($t) = ref $v;
    return "q[$v]" unless $t;
    if ($t eq 'ARRAY') {
    my(@m, $elem, @neat);
    push @m, "[";
    foreach $elem (@$v) {
        push @neat, "q[$elem]";
    }
    push @m, join ", ", @neat;
    push @m, "]";
    return join "", @m;
    }
    return "$v" unless $t eq 'HASH';
    my(@m, $key, $val);
    while (($key,$val) = each %$v){
    last unless defined $key; # cautious programming in case (undef,undef) is true
    push(@m,"$key=>".neatvalue($val)) ;
    }
    return "{ ".join(', ',@m)." }";
}

sub selfdocument {
    my($self) = @_;
    my(@m);
    if ($Verbose){
    push @m, "\n# Full list of MakeMaker attribute values:";
    foreach $key (sort keys %$self){
        next if $key eq 'RESULT' || $key =~ /^[A-Z][a-z]/;
        my($v) = neatvalue($self->{$key});
        $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
        $v =~ tr/\n/ /s;
        push @m, "#    $key => $v";
    }
    }
    join "\n", @m;
}

package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
1;

__END__

=head1 NAME

ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile

=head1 SYNOPSIS

C<use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;>

C<WriteMakefile( ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...] );>

which is really

C<MM-E<gt>new(\%att)-E<gt>flush;>

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This utility is designed to write a Makefile for an extension module
from a Makefile.PL. It is based on the Makefile.SH model provided by
Andy Dougherty and the perl5-porters.

It splits the task of generating the Makefile into several subroutines
that can be individually overridden.  Each subroutine returns the text
it wishes to have written to the Makefile.

MakeMaker is object oriented. Each directory below the current
directory that contains a Makefile.PL. Is treated as a separate
object. This makes it possible to write an unlimited number of
Makefiles with a single invocation of WriteMakefile().

=head2 How To Write A Makefile.PL

The short answer is: Don't.

        Always begin with h2xs.
        Always begin with h2xs!
        ALWAYS BEGIN WITH H2XS!

even if you're not building around a header file, and even if you
don't have an XS component.

Run h2xs(1) before you start thinking about writing a module. For so
called pm-only modules that consist of C<*.pm> files only, h2xs has
the C<-X> switch. This will generate dummy files of all kinds that are
useful for the module developer.

The medium answer is:

    use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
    WriteMakefile( NAME => "Foo::Bar" );

The long answer is the rest of the manpage :-)

=head2 Default Makefile Behaviour

The generated Makefile enables the user of the extension to invoke

  perl Makefile.PL # optionally "perl Makefile.PL verbose"
  make
  make test        # optionally set TEST_VERBOSE=1
  make install     # See below

The Makefile to be produced may be altered by adding arguments of the
form C<KEY=VALUE>. E.g.

  perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/tmp/myperl5

Other interesting targets in the generated Makefile are

  make config     # to check if the Makefile is up-to-date
  make clean      # delete local temp files (Makefile gets renamed)
  make realclean  # delete derived files (including ./blib)
  make ci         # check in all the files in the MANIFEST file
  make dist       # see below the Distribution Support section

=head2 make test

MakeMaker checks for the existence of a file named F<test.pl> in the
current directory and if it exists it adds commands to the test target
of the generated Makefile that will execute the script with the proper
set of perl C<-I> options.

MakeMaker also checks for any files matching glob("t/*.t"). It will
add commands to the test target of the generated Makefile that execute
all matching files via the L<Test::Harness> module with the C<-I>
switches set correctly.

=head2 make testdb

A useful variation of the above is the target C<testdb>. It runs the
test under the Perl debugger (see L<perldebug>). If the file
F<test.pl> exists in the current directory, it is used for the test.

If you want to debug some other testfile, set C<TEST_FILE> variable
thusly:

  make testdb TEST_FILE=t/mytest.t

By default the debugger is called using C<-d> option to perl. If you
want to specify some other option, set C<TESTDB_SW> variable:

  make testdb TESTDB_SW=-Dx

=head2 make install

make alone puts all relevant files into directories that are named by
the macros INST_LIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_SCRIPT, INST_MAN1DIR, and
INST_MAN3DIR. All these default to something below ./blib if you are
I<not> building below the perl source directory. If you I<are>
building below the perl source, INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB default to
 ../../lib, and INST_SCRIPT is not defined.

The I<install> target of the generated Makefile copies the files found
below each of the INST_* directories to their INSTALL*
counterparts. Which counterparts are chosen depends on the setting of
INSTALLDIRS according to the following table:

                      INSTALLDIRS set to
                              perl                 site

    INST_ARCHLIB    INSTALLARCHLIB    INSTALLSITEARCH
    INST_LIB        INSTALLPRIVLIB    INSTALLSITELIB
    INST_BIN                  INSTALLBIN
    INST_SCRIPT              INSTALLSCRIPT
    INST_MAN1DIR             INSTALLMAN1DIR
    INST_MAN3DIR             INSTALLMAN3DIR

The INSTALL... macros in turn default to their %Config
($Config{installprivlib}, $Config{installarchlib}, etc.) counterparts.

You can check the values of these variables on your system with

    perl '-V:install.*'

And to check the sequence in which the library directories are
searched by perl, run

    perl -le 'print join $/, @INC'


=head2 PREFIX and LIB attribute

PREFIX and LIB can be used to set several INSTALL* attributes in one
go. The quickest way to install a module in a non-standard place might
be

    perl Makefile.PL LIB=~/lib

This will install the module's architecture-independent files into
~/lib, the architecture-dependent files into ~/lib/$archname/auto.

Another way to specify many INSTALL directories with a single
parameter is PREFIX.

    perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=~

This will replace the string specified by $Config{prefix} in all
$Config{install*} values.

Note, that in both cases the tilde expansion is done by MakeMaker, not
by perl by default, nor by make. Conflicts between parmeters LIB,
PREFIX and the various INSTALL* arguments are resolved so that
XXX

If the user has superuser privileges, and is not working on AFS
(Andrew File System) or relatives, then the defaults for
INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, etc. will be appropriate,
and this incantation will be the best:

    perl Makefile.PL; make; make test
    make install

make install per default writes some documentation of what has been
done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This feature
can be bypassed by calling make pure_install.

=head2 AFS users

will have to specify the installation directories as these most
probably have changed since perl itself has been installed. They will
have to do this by calling

    perl Makefile.PL INSTALLSITELIB=/afs/here/today \
    INSTALLSCRIPT=/afs/there/now INSTALLMAN3DIR=/afs/for/manpages
    make

Be careful to repeat this procedure every time you recompile an
extension, unless you are sure the AFS installation directories are
still valid.

=head2 Static Linking of a new Perl Binary

An extension that is built with the above steps is ready to use on
systems supporting dynamic loading. On systems that do not support
dynamic loading, any newly created extension has to be linked together
with the available resources. MakeMaker supports the linking process
by creating appropriate targets in the Makefile whenever an extension
is built. You can invoke the corresponding section of the makefile with

    make perl

That produces a new perl binary in the current directory with all
extensions linked in that can be found in INST_ARCHLIB , SITELIBEXP,
and PERL_ARCHLIB. To do that, MakeMaker writes a new Makefile, on
UNIX, this is called Makefile.aperl (may be system dependent). If you
want to force the creation of a new perl, it is recommended, that you
delete this Makefile.aperl, so the directories are searched-through
for linkable libraries again.

The binary can be installed into the directory where perl normally
resides on your machine with

    make inst_perl

To produce a perl binary with a different name than C<perl>, either say

    perl Makefile.PL MAP_TARGET=myperl
    make myperl
    make inst_perl

or say

    perl Makefile.PL
    make myperl MAP_TARGET=myperl
    make inst_perl MAP_TARGET=myperl

In any case you will be prompted with the correct invocation of the
C<inst_perl> target that installs the new binary into INSTALLBIN.

make inst_perl per default writes some documentation of what has been
done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This
can be bypassed by calling make pure_inst_perl.

Warning: the inst_perl: target will most probably overwrite your
existing perl binary. Use with care!

Sometimes you might want to build a statically linked perl although
your system supports dynamic loading. In this case you may explicitly
set the linktype with the invocation of the Makefile.PL or make:

    perl Makefile.PL LINKTYPE=static    # recommended

or

    make LINKTYPE=static                # works on most systems

=head2 Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations

MakeMaker needs to know, or to guess, where certain things are
located.  Especially INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB (where to put the files
during the make(1) run), PERL_LIB and PERL_ARCHLIB (where to read
existing modules from), and PERL_INC (header files and C<libperl*.*>).

Extensions may be built either using the contents of the perl source
directory tree or from the installed perl library. The recommended way
is to build extensions after you have run 'make install' on perl
itself. You can do that in any directory on your hard disk that is not
below the perl source tree. The support for extensions below the ext
directory of the perl distribution is only good for the standard
extensions that come with perl.

If an extension is being built below the C<ext/> directory of the perl
source then MakeMaker will set PERL_SRC automatically (e.g.,
C<../..>).  If PERL_SRC is defined and the extension is recognized as
a standard extension, then other variables default to the following:

  PERL_INC     = PERL_SRC
  PERL_LIB     = PERL_SRC/lib
  PERL_ARCHLIB = PERL_SRC/lib
  INST_LIB     = PERL_LIB
  INST_ARCHLIB = PERL_ARCHLIB

If an extension is being built away from the perl source then MakeMaker
will leave PERL_SRC undefined and default to using the installed copy
of the perl library. The other variables default to the following:

  PERL_INC     = $archlibexp/CORE
  PERL_LIB     = $privlibexp
  PERL_ARCHLIB = $archlibexp
  INST_LIB     = ./blib/lib
  INST_ARCHLIB = ./blib/arch

If perl has not yet been installed then PERL_SRC can be defined on the
command line as shown in the previous section.


=head2 Which architecture dependent directory?

If you don't want to keep the defaults for the INSTALL* macros,
MakeMaker helps you to minimize the typing needed: the usual
relationship between INSTALLPRIVLIB and INSTALLARCHLIB is determined
by Configure at perl compilation time. MakeMaker supports the user who
sets INSTALLPRIVLIB. If INSTALLPRIVLIB is set, but INSTALLARCHLIB not,
then MakeMaker defaults the latter to be the same subdirectory of
INSTALLPRIVLIB as Configure decided for the counterparts in %Config ,
otherwise it defaults to INSTALLPRIVLIB. The same relationship holds
for INSTALLSITELIB and INSTALLSITEARCH.

MakeMaker gives you much more freedom than needed to configure
internal variables and get different results. It is worth to mention,
that make(1) also lets you configure most of the variables that are
used in the Makefile. But in the majority of situations this will not
be necessary, and should only be done, if the author of a package
recommends it (or you know what you're doing).

=head2 Using Attributes and Parameters

The following attributes can be specified as arguments to WriteMakefile()
or as NAME=VALUE pairs on the command line:

=cut


=over 2

=item C

Ref to array of *.c file names. Initialised from a directory scan
and the values portion of the XS attribute hash. This is not
currently used by MakeMaker but may be handy in Makefile.PLs.

=item CCFLAGS

String that will be included in the compiler call command line between
the arguments INC and OPTIMIZE.

=item CONFIG

Arrayref. E.g. [qw(archname manext)] defines ARCHNAME & MANEXT from
config.sh. MakeMaker will add to CONFIG the following values anyway:
ar
cc
cccdlflags
ccdlflags
dlext
dlsrc
ld
lddlflags
ldflags
libc
lib_ext
obj_ext
ranlib
sitelibexp
sitearchexp
so

=item CONFIGURE

CODE reference. The subroutine should return a hash reference. The
hash may contain further attributes, e.g. {LIBS =E<gt> ...}, that have to
be determined by some evaluation method.

=item DEFINE

Something like C<"-DHAVE_UNISTD_H">

=item DIR

Ref to array of subdirectories containing Makefile.PLs e.g. [ 'sdbm'
] in ext/SDBM_File

=item DISTNAME

Your name for distributing the package (by tar file). This defaults to
NAME above.

=item DL_FUNCS

Hashref of symbol names for routines to be made available as
universal symbols.  Each key/value pair consists of the package name
and an array of routine names in that package.  Used only under AIX
(export lists) and VMS (linker options) at present.  The routine
names supplied will be expanded in the same way as XSUB names are
expanded by the XS() macro.  Defaults to

  {"$(NAME)" => ["boot_$(NAME)" ] }

e.g.

  {"RPC" => [qw( boot_rpcb rpcb_gettime getnetconfigent )],
   "NetconfigPtr" => [ 'DESTROY'] }

=item DL_VARS

Array of symbol names for variables to be made available as
universal symbols.  Used only under AIX (export lists) and VMS
(linker options) at present.  Defaults to [].  (e.g. [ qw(
Foo_version Foo_numstreams Foo_tree ) ])

=item EXCLUDE_EXT

Array of extension names to exclude when doing a static build.  This
is ignored if INCLUDE_EXT is present.  Consult INCLUDE_EXT for more
details.  (e.g.  [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ] )

This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
commandline:  perl Makefile.PL EXCLUDE_EXT='Socket Safe'

=item EXE_FILES

Ref to array of executable files. The files will be copied to the
INST_SCRIPT directory. Make realclean will delete them from there
again.

=item NO_VC

In general any generated Makefile checks for the current version of
MakeMaker and the version the Makefile was built under. If NO_VC is
set, the version check is neglected. Do not write this into your
Makefile.PL, use it interactively instead.

=item FIRST_MAKEFILE

The name of the Makefile to be produced. Defaults to the contents of
MAKEFILE, but can be overridden. This is used for the second Makefile
that will be produced for the MAP_TARGET.

=item FULLPERL

Perl binary able to run this extension.

=item H

Ref to array of *.h file names. Similar to C.

=item IMPORTS

IMPORTS is only used on OS/2.

=item INC

Include file dirs eg: C<"-I/usr/5include -I/path/to/inc">

=item INCLUDE_EXT

Array of extension names to be included when doing a static build.
MakeMaker will normally build with all of the installed extensions when
doing a static build, and that is usually the desired behavior.  If
INCLUDE_EXT is present then MakeMaker will build only with those extensions
which are explicitly mentioned. (e.g.  [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ])

It is not necessary to mention DynaLoader or the current extension when
filling in INCLUDE_EXT.  If the INCLUDE_EXT is mentioned but is empty then
only DynaLoader and the current extension will be included in the build.

This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
commandline:  perl Makefile.PL INCLUDE_EXT='POSIX Socket Devel::Peek'

=item INSTALLARCHLIB

Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.

=item INSTALLBIN

Directory to install binary files (e.g. tkperl) into.

=item INSTALLDIRS

Determines which of the two sets of installation directories to
choose: installprivlib and installarchlib versus installsitelib and
installsitearch. The first pair is chosen with INSTALLDIRS=perl, the
second with INSTALLDIRS=site. Default is site.

=item INSTALLMAN1DIR

This directory gets the man pages at 'make install' time. Defaults to
$Config{installman1dir}.

=item INSTALLMAN3DIR

This directory gets the man pages at 'make install' time. Defaults to
$Config{installman3dir}.

=item INSTALLPRIVLIB

Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.

=item INSTALLSCRIPT

Used by 'make install' which copies files from INST_SCRIPT to this
directory.

=item INSTALLSITELIB

Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).

=item INSTALLSITEARCH

Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).

=item INST_ARCHLIB

Same as INST_LIB for architecture dependent files.

=item INST_BIN

Directory to put real binary files during 'make'. These will be copied
to INSTALLBIN during 'make install'

=item INST_EXE

Old name for INST_SCRIPT. Deprecated. Please use INST_SCRIPT if you
need to use it.

=item INST_LIB

Directory where we put library files of this extension while building
it.

=item INST_MAN1DIR

Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time

=item INST_MAN3DIR

Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time

=item INST_SCRIPT

Directory, where executable files should be installed during
'make'. Defaults to "./blib/bin", just to have a dummy location during
testing. make install will copy the files in INST_SCRIPT to
INSTALLSCRIPT.

=item LDFROM

defaults to "$(OBJECT)" and is used in the ld command to specify
what files to link/load from (also see dynamic_lib below for how to
specify ld flags)

=item LIBPERL_A

The filename of the perllibrary that will be used together with this
extension. Defaults to libperl.a.

=item LIB

LIB can only be set at C<perl Makefile.PL> time. It has the effect of
setting both INSTALLPRIVLIB and INSTALLSITELIB to that value regardless any

=item LIBS

An anonymous array of alternative library
specifications to be searched for (in order) until
at least one library is found. E.g.

  'LIBS' => ["-lgdbm", "-ldbm -lfoo", "-L/path -ldbm.nfs"]

Mind, that any element of the array
contains a complete set of arguments for the ld
command. So do not specify

  'LIBS' => ["-ltcl", "-ltk", "-lX11"]

See ODBM_File/Makefile.PL for an example, where an array is needed. If
you specify a scalar as in

  'LIBS' => "-ltcl -ltk -lX11"

MakeMaker will turn it into an array with one element.

=item LINKTYPE

'static' or 'dynamic' (default unless usedl=undef in
config.sh). Should only be used to force static linking (also see
linkext below).

=item MAKEAPERL

Boolean which tells MakeMaker, that it should include the rules to
make a perl. This is handled automatically as a switch by
MakeMaker. The user normally does not need it.

=item MAKEFILE

The name of the Makefile to be produced.

=item MAN1PODS

Hashref of pod-containing files. MakeMaker will default this to all
EXE_FILES files that include POD directives. The files listed
here will be converted to man pages and installed as was requested
at Configure time.

=item MAN3PODS

Hashref of .pm and .pod files. MakeMaker will default this to all
 .pod and any .pm files that include POD directives. The files listed
here will be converted to man pages and installed as was requested
at Configure time.

=item MAP_TARGET

If it is intended, that a new perl binary be produced, this variable
may hold a name for that binary. Defaults to perl

=item MYEXTLIB

If the extension links to a library that it builds set this to the
name of the library (see SDBM_File)

=item NAME

Perl module name for this extension (DBD::Oracle). This will default
to the directory name but should be explicitly defined in the
Makefile.PL.

=item NEEDS_LINKING

MakeMaker will figure out, if an extension contains linkable code
anywhere down the directory tree, and will set this variable
accordingly, but you can speed it up a very little bit, if you define
this boolean variable yourself.

=item NOECHO

Defaults to C<@>. By setting it to an empty string you can generate a
Makefile that echos all commands. Mainly used in debugging MakeMaker
itself.

=item NORECURS

Boolean.  Attribute to inhibit descending into subdirectories.

=item OBJECT

List of object files, defaults to '$(BASEEXT)$(OBJ_EXT)', but can be a long
string containing all object files, e.g. "tkpBind.o
tkpButton.o tkpCanvas.o"

=item OPTIMIZE

Defaults to C<-O>. Set it to C<-g> to turn debugging on. The flag is
passed to subdirectory makes.

=item PERL

Perl binary for tasks that can be done by miniperl

=item PERLMAINCC

The call to the program that is able to compile perlmain.c. Defaults
to $(CC).

=item PERL_ARCHLIB

Same as above for architecture dependent files

=item PERL_LIB

Directory containing the Perl library to use.

=item PERL_SRC

Directory containing the Perl source code (use of this should be
avoided, it may be undefined)

=item PL_FILES

Ref to hash of files to be processed as perl programs. MakeMaker
will default to any found *.PL file (except Makefile.PL) being keys
and the basename of the file being the value. E.g.

  {'foobar.PL' => 'foobar'}

The *.PL files are expected to produce output to the target files
themselves.

=item PM

Hashref of .pm files and *.pl files to be installed.  e.g.

  {'name_of_file.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/install_as.pm'}

By default this will include *.pm and *.pl. If a lib directory
exists and is not listed in DIR (above) then any *.pm and *.pl files
it contains will also be included by default.  Defining PM in the
Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.

=item PMLIBDIRS

Ref to array of subdirectories containing library files.  Defaults to
[ 'lib', $(BASEEXT) ]. The directories will be scanned and any files
they contain will be installed in the corresponding location in the
library.  A libscan() method can be used to alter the behaviour.
Defining PM in the Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.

=item PREFIX

Can be used to set the three INSTALL* attributes in one go (except for
probably INSTALLMAN1DIR, if it is not below PREFIX according to
%Config).  They will have PREFIX as a common directory node and will
branch from that node into lib/, lib/ARCHNAME or whatever Configure
decided at the build time of your perl (unless you override one of
them, of course).

=item PREREQ_PM

Hashref: Names of modules that need to be available to run this
extension (e.g. Fcntl for SDBM_File) are the keys of the hash and the
desired version is the value. If the required version number is 0, we
only check if any version is installed already.

=item SKIP

Arryref. E.g. [qw(name1 name2)] skip (do not write) sections of the
Makefile. Caution! Do not use the SKIP attribute for the neglectible
speedup. It may seriously damage the resulting Makefile. Only use it,
if you really need it.

=item TYPEMAPS

Ref to array of typemap file names.  Use this when the typemaps are
in some directory other than the current directory or when they are
not named B<typemap>.  The last typemap in the list takes
precedence.  A typemap in the current directory has highest
precedence, even if it isn't listed in TYPEMAPS.  The default system
typemap has lowest precedence.

=item VERSION

Your version number for distributing the package.  This defaults to
0.1.

=item VERSION_FROM

Instead of specifying the VERSION in the Makefile.PL you can let
MakeMaker parse a file to determine the version number. The parsing
routine requires that the file named by VERSION_FROM contains one
single line to compute the version number. The first line in the file
that contains the regular expression

    /([\$*])(([\w\:\']*)\bVERSION)\b.*\=/

will be evaluated with eval() and the value of the named variable
B<after> the eval() will be assigned to the VERSION attribute of the
MakeMaker object. The following lines will be parsed o.k.:

    $VERSION = '1.00';
    *VERSION = \'1.01';
    ( $VERSION ) = '$Revision: 1.216 $ ' =~ /\$Revision:\s+([^\s]+)/;
    $FOO::VERSION = '1.10';
    *FOO::VERSION = \'1.11';

but these will fail:

    my $VERSION = '1.01';
    local $VERSION = '1.02';
    local $FOO::VERSION = '1.30';

The file named in VERSION_FROM is not added as a dependency to
Makefile. This is not really correct, but it would be a major pain
during development to have to rewrite the Makefile for any smallish
change in that file. If you want to make sure that the Makefile
contains the correct VERSION macro after any change of the file, you
would have to do something like

    depend => { Makefile => '$(VERSION_FROM)' }

See attribute C<depend> below.

=item XS

Hashref of .xs files. MakeMaker will default this.  e.g.

  {'name_of_file.xs' => 'name_of_file.c'}

The .c files will automatically be included in the list of files
deleted by a make clean.

=item XSOPT

String of options to pass to xsubpp.  This might include C<-C++> or
C<-extern>.  Do not include typemaps here; the TYPEMAP parameter exists for
that purpose.

=item XSPROTOARG

May be set to an empty string, which is identical to C<-prototypes>, or
C<-noprototypes>. See the xsubpp documentation for details. MakeMaker
defaults to the empty string.

=item XS_VERSION

Your version number for the .xs file of this package.  This defaults
to the value of the VERSION attribute.

=back

=head2 Additional lowercase attributes

can be used to pass parameters to the methods which implement that
part of the Makefile.

=over 2

=item clean

  {FILES => "*.xyz foo"}

=item depend

  {ANY_TARGET => ANY_DEPENDECY, ...}

=item dist

  {TARFLAGS => 'cvfF', COMPRESS => 'gzip', SUFFIX => 'gz',
  SHAR => 'shar -m', DIST_CP => 'ln', ZIP => '/bin/zip',
  ZIPFLAGS => '-rl', DIST_DEFAULT => 'private tardist' }

If you specify COMPRESS, then SUFFIX should also be altered, as it is
needed to tell make the target file of the compression. Setting
DIST_CP to ln can be useful, if you need to preserve the timestamps on
your files. DIST_CP can take the values 'cp', which copies the file,
'ln', which links the file, and 'best' which copies symbolic links and
links the rest. Default is 'best'.

=item dynamic_lib

  {ARMAYBE => 'ar', OTHERLDFLAGS => '...', INST_DYNAMIC_DEP => '...'}

=item installpm

Deprecated as of MakeMaker 5.23. See L<ExtUtils::MM_Unix/pm_to_blib>.

=item linkext

  {LINKTYPE => 'static', 'dynamic' or ''}

NB: Extensions that have nothing but *.pm files had to say

  {LINKTYPE => ''}

with Pre-5.0 MakeMakers. Since version 5.00 of MakeMaker such a line
can be deleted safely. MakeMaker recognizes, when there's nothing to
be linked.

=item macro

  {ANY_MACRO => ANY_VALUE, ...}

=item realclean

  {FILES => '$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/*.xyz'}

=item tool_autosplit

  {MAXLEN =E<gt> 8}

=back

=cut



=head2 Overriding MakeMaker Methods

If you cannot achieve the desired Makefile behaviour by specifying
attributes you may define private subroutines in the Makefile.PL.
Each subroutines returns the text it wishes to have written to
the Makefile. To override a section of the Makefile you can
either say:

    sub MY::c_o { "new literal text" }

or you can edit the default by saying something like:

    sub MY::c_o {
        package MY;    # so that "SUPER" works right
        my $inherited = shift->SUPER::c_o(@_);
        $inherited =~ s/old text/new text/;
        $inherited;
    }

If you running experiments with embedding perl as a library into other
applications, you might find MakeMaker not sufficient. You'd better
have a look at ExtUtils::embed which is a collection of utilities for
embedding.

If you still need a different solution, try to develop another
subroutine, that fits your needs and submit the diffs to
F<[e-mail]> or F<comp.lang.perl.misc> as appropriate.

For a complete description of all MakeMaker methods see L<ExtUtils::MM_Unix>.

Here is a simple example of how to add a new target to the generated
Makefile:

    sub MY::postamble {
    '
    $(MYEXTLIB): sdbm/Makefile
        cd sdbm && $(MAKE) all
    ';
    }


=head2 Hintsfile support

MakeMaker.pm uses the architecture specific information from
Config.pm. In addition it evaluates architecture specific hints files
in a C<hints/> directory. The hints files are expected to be named
like their counterparts in C<PERL_SRC/hints>, but with an C<.pl> file
name extension (eg. C<next_3_2.pl>). They are simply C<eval>ed by
MakeMaker within the WriteMakefile() subroutine, and can be used to
execute commands as well as to include special variables. The rules
which hintsfile is chosen are the same as in Configure.

The hintsfile is eval()ed immediately after the arguments given to
WriteMakefile are stuffed into a hash reference $self but before this
reference becomes blessed. So if you want to do the equivalent to
override or create an attribute you would say something like

    $self->{LIBS} = ['-ldbm -lucb -lc'];

=head2 Distribution Support

For authors of extensions MakeMaker provides several Makefile
targets. Most of the support comes from the ExtUtils::Manifest module,
where additional documentation can be found.

=over 4

=item    make distcheck

reports which files are below the build directory but not in the
MANIFEST file and vice versa. (See ExtUtils::Manifest::fullcheck() for
details)

=item    make skipcheck

reports which files are skipped due to the entries in the
C<MANIFEST.SKIP> file (See ExtUtils::Manifest::skipcheck() for
details)

=item    make distclean

does a realclean first and then the distcheck. Note that this is not
needed to build a new distribution as long as you are sure, that the
MANIFEST file is ok.

=item    make manifest

rewrites the MANIFEST file, adding all remaining files found (See
ExtUtils::Manifest::mkmanifest() for details)

=item    make distdir

Copies all the files that are in the MANIFEST file to a newly created
directory with the name C<$(DISTNAME)-$(VERSION)>. If that directory
exists, it will be removed first.

=item    make disttest

Makes a distdir first, and runs a C<perl Makefile.PL>, a make, and
a make test in that directory.

=item    make tardist

First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
command, followed by $(TOUNIX), which defaults to a null command under
UNIX, and will convert files in distribution directory to UNIX format
otherwise. Next it runs C<tar> on that directory into a tarfile and
deletes the directory. Finishes with a command $(POSTOP) which
defaults to a null command.

=item    make dist

Defaults to $(DIST_DEFAULT) which in turn defaults to tardist.

=item    make uutardist

Runs a tardist first and uuencodes the tarfile.

=item    make shdist

First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
command. Next it runs C<shar> on that directory into a sharfile and
deletes the intermediate directory again. Finishes with a command
$(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command.  Note: For shdist to work
properly a C<shar> program that can handle directories is mandatory.

=item    make zipdist

First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
command. Runs C<$(ZIP) $(ZIPFLAGS)> on that directory into a
zipfile. Then deletes that directory. Finishes with a command
$(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command.

=item    make ci

Does a $(CI) and a $(RCS_LABEL) on all files in the MANIFEST file.

=back

Customization of the dist targets can be done by specifying a hash
reference to the dist attribute of the WriteMakefile call. The
following parameters are recognized:

    CI           ('ci -u')
    COMPRESS     ('compress')
    POSTOP       ('@ :')
    PREOP        ('@ :')
    TO_UNIX      (depends on the system)
    RCS_LABEL    ('rcs -q -Nv$(VERSION_SYM):')
    SHAR         ('shar')
    SUFFIX       ('Z')
    TAR          ('tar')
    TARFLAGS     ('cvf')
    ZIP          ('zip')
    ZIPFLAGS     ('-r')

An example:

    WriteMakefile( 'dist' => { COMPRESS=>"gzip", SUFFIX=>"gz" })

=head1 SEE ALSO

ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::testlib,
ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::embed

=head1 AUTHORS

Andy Dougherty <F<[e-mail]>>, Andreas KE<ouml>nig
<F<[e-mail]>>, Tim Bunce <F<[e-mail]>>.
VMS support by Charles Bailey <F<[e-mail]>>.  OS/2
support by Ilya Zakharevich <F<[e-mail]>>.  Contact the
makemaker mailing list C<mailto:[e-mail]>, if
you have any questions.

=cut